Global Crisis, Recession Uneven Recovery Free Essays

string(65) engineering containing the World Bank, the IMF and the WTO. Worldwide Crisis, Recession and Uneven Recovery by Y. V. Reddy Book Review by Nidhi Choudhari There is sufficient on this planet to address the issues of all, however not the avarice of all. We will compose a custom exposition test on Worldwide Crisis, Recession Uneven Recovery or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Mahatma Gandhi Why I got Y. V. Reddy’s Book There have been countless books distributed on current worldwide money related emergency in this way; determination of this specific book regarding the matter requires some thinking. To begin with, there are relatively few books composed by national brokers on the theme. National banks have been focal in the administration of the emergency and thusly, Dr Reddy’s book gives a focal banker’s evaluation of the emergency and its effect. Second, on close to home level, I have worked in RBI between September 2006 and December 2011 and was observer to the measures taken by Reserve Bank previously and during the emergency under the capable authority of Dr Y. V. Reddy, the Governor, Reserve Bank of India (2003-2008). Having worked under his visionary initiative, I picked to take his book, â€Å"Global Crisis, Recession and Uneven Recovery† for survey. Third, Dr Reddy drove the course of budgetary sober mindedness in the midst of tireless deregulation and guaranteed that Indian money related framework doesn't fall into the visually impaired race to base in guideline. At last, having perused Dr Reddy’s past book on the theme viz. â€Å"India and the Global Financial Crisis: Managing Money and Finance†, I was excited about perusing its spin-off viz. â€Å"Global Crisis, Recession and Uneven Recovery†. For every one of these reasons, I chose this book and am grateful to Madam Nidhi Sharma for endorsing this book for audit. The looked into book is an assortment of 27 talks (given as 27 sections in 5 sections), Dr Reddy conveyed at various purposes of time during and after the emergency. These sections give a more profound understanding into the activities taken by the RBI to alleviate the effect of the emergency in India and how India remained generally unaffected because of satisfactory administrative instruments. Dr Reddy has additionally been an individual from the Commission of Experts of The President of the UN General Assembly on Reforms of The International Monetary and Financial System prominently known as Stiglitz Commission after its executive Joseph Stiglitz. He has given a few references about the suggestions of this UN Commission in the book. The nineteenth Chapter in the book is about the UN Commission proposals about worldwide emergency. Consequently, the peruser of the book gets a comprehension of the worldwide deduction on the emergency and its delayed consequences. What’s there in the Book Economists have contrasted the current worldwide budgetary emergency with that of the Great Recession of 1930s. The current emergency has truth be told, influenced all nations over the world in various degrees and that way, it was genuinely a worldwide downturn. Today, the emergency is finished anyway the recuperation has begun at various paces in better places. Dr Reddy is of the view that the recuperation from the worldwide emergency will be drawn out and lopsided. The book â€Å"Global Crisis, Recession and Uneven Recovery† gives an accomplished policymaker’s comprehension of the beginning, movement and effect of the monetary emergency, and of the exercises it advertised. It is composed when Indian economy is confronting a few difficulties as far as log jam in development rate, expansion, expanding financial and current record shortage and so forth. The book contains Dr Reddy’s point of view and examination of the emergency, downturn and recuperation in a basic, clear and non-specialized way which bids the peruser. There are five areas in the book containing 27 sections altogether. The five areas identify with the worldwide money related emergency and its result, budgetary part: review and prospects, open arrangement: difficulties and reactions, worldwide monetary design: the discussions and India: execution and prospects separately. The principal segment of the book gives a clear record of the budgetary emergency and its outcomes in six sections. In the principal section, Dr Reddy discusses the pretended by national banks previously, during and after the emergency. He composes that the responsibility concerning the board of the emergency of the emergency should be shared between the national bank, the Ministry of Finance and, somewhat, the administration in general. The writer expounds on the results of the emergency viz. rebalancing of intensity between the controller and the directed, move in equalization of for Asia, ascent of G-20 on the worldwide stage and a careful methodology towards self-rectifying effectiveness of business sectors and so on. Clarifications concerning the reasons for the worldwide money related emergency and a diagram of the drawn out broad abundances that acted synchronically to cause the worldwide emergency are talked about in detail. The second area of the book centers around the eventual fate of the money related part with some wary comments about unsure recuperation and possibilities for the prospects. The creator features the job of budgetary guideline in creating nations. Dr Reddy composes that â€Å"the causes and crossborder transmission of the emergency may contrast altogether between the progressed just as between the creating economies. There is a nitty gritty part on countercyclical strategies received by the RBI in the budgetary division and furthermore on the proposition for money related area administrative changes from the point of view of creating nations. He talks about the eventual fate of globalization of money and the worldwide guideline of the budgetary division. The last part of t his segment gives an expansive structure to worldwide budgetary guideline. The third area manages the open approach difficulties and reactions that rose during the current worldwide emergency. He has talked about the achievability of Tobin Tax and Financial Sector Taxation considering current emergency. Dr Reddy has additionally illuminated the formative component of the monetary area, financial ramifications of the worldwide emergency and macroeconomic structures that are developing for guaranteeing generally worldwide money related soundness. The forward segment raises a significant worry of current occasions I. e. change of worldwide budgetary design including the World Bank, the IMF and the WTO. You read Worldwide Crisis, Recession Uneven Recovery in class Papers In this segment, Dr Reddy has talked about the suggestions of the UN Commission on the worldwide emergency. He has likewise investigated the G-20 system and its future possibilities. At long last the book centers around India’s execution and possibilities; India’s involvement with managing the money related segment; and the requirement for change in India’s monetary part. The creator likewise contrasts Indian circumstance and that of Asia and the worldwide economy regarding versatility and recuperation after the emergency. The last part in finishing up segment causes to notice the leave techniques being considered at the worldwide just as national level by the specialists to return to ordinariness. Detract from the Book As the book is entitled â€Å"Global Crisis, Recession and Uneven Recovery†, the greatest remove subsequent to perusing of the book would be an unmistakable and better comprehension of these three terms viz. (1) Global Crisis, (2) Recession and (3) Uneven Recovery. I for one might want to share my comprehension of these three angles in more noteworthy detail with the assistance of passages from the book in the accompanying focuses: Global Crisis: Reasons, Consequences and Lessons Learnt Several reasons have been refered to for the ongoing emergency viz. ailure of state, advertise, administration, keenness and ethical quality. Dr Reddy composes, â€Å"The current worldwide emergency started in various causes that strengthened one another. Broad overabundances on a few fronts, which happened in a synchronized design, encouraged the emergency. These abundances were seen in liquidity, macroeconomic lopsided characteristics, center around expansion, imbalance s, financialisation, influence, hazard taking, deregulation, money related advancement, organizing, voracity, globalization and focus. 1 While examining the ethical part of worldwide emergency, Dr Reddy composes, â€Å"†¦ the enormous areas of society supported independence, barely accentuating an incentive for cash as customers and profits for cash as financial specialists over different parts of social conduct, for example, being productive member of society or stretching out corporate devotion to the organization. †2 Dr Reddy talks about the race to base in guideline of budgetary division as one of the most pivotal purpose behind the worldwide monetary emergency. He composes, â€Å"†¦the abundances in budgetary part happened under a kind open strategy that accepted the expenses of guideline to be more noteworthy than its benefits†¦ Even the current guideline was obstructed by over the top developments in money that meant to stay away from the endorsed administrative capital, and infused unpredictability to subvert the principles of straightforwardness recommended by controllers. †3 As far as outcomes of the emergency are concerned, Dr Reddy is of the view that the current emergency will bring about rebalancing of ideological, institutional and operational working of states and 1 2 Page 46, Chapter 3 Page 43, Chapter 2 3 Page 59, Chapter 4 markets. He composes, â€Å"â€Å"In late years, there has been a practically unquestionable assumption for business sectors and this might be supplanted with a refutable assumption for the business sectors. †4 because of the emergency, the undeniable help for free markets stands undermined thus additionally the conviction that the development of the money related area prompts monetary turn of events. Likewise, the emergency has added to the targets of national banks an extra duty I. e. inancial strength. The RBI has likewise taken it to its destinations alongwith gr

Althea Gibson - Biography of Tennis Pioneer

Althea Gibson - Biography of Tennis Pioneer Tennis, which initially went to the United States in the late nineteenth century, by the center of the twentieth century had become some portion of a culture of wellbeing and wellness. Open projects got tennis to youngsters poor neighborhoods, however those kids couldnt fantasy about playing in the tip top social clubs. Dates:Â August 25, 1927 - September 28, 2003 Early Life One little youngster named Althea Gibson lived in Harlem during the 1930s and 1940s. Her family was on government assistance. She was a customer of the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children. She experienced difficulty in school and was regularly truant. She fled from home much of the time. . She likewise played oar tennis in open entertainment programs. Her ability and enthusiasm for the game drove her to win competitions supported by the Police Athletic Leagues and the Parks Department. Performer Buddy Walker saw her playing table tennisâ and idea she may do well in tennis. He carried her to the Harlem River Tennis Courts, where she took in the game and started to exceed expectations. A Rising Star The youthful Althea Gibson turned into an individual from the Harlem Cosmopolitan Tennis Club, a club for African American players, through gifts raised for her participation and exercises. By 1942 Gibson had won the young ladies singles occasion at the American Tennis Associations New York State Tournament. The American Tennis Association - ATA - was an all-dark association, giving competition openings not in any case accessible to African American tennis players. In 1944 and 1945 she again won ATA competitions. At that point Gibson was offered a chance to build up her gifts all the more completely: a well off South Carolina businessperson opened his home to her and bolstered her in going to a mechanical high schoolâ while examining tennis secretly. From 1950, she promoted her instruction, going to Florida AM University, where she graduated in 1953. At that point, in 1953, she turned into an athletic educator at Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri. Gibson won the ATA womens singles competition ten years straight, 1947 through 1956. Be that as it may, tennis competitions outside the ATA stayed shut to her, until 1950. In that year white tennis player Alice Marble composed an article in American Lawn Tennis magazine, taking note of that this astounding player couldn't take an interest in the better-known titles, for reasons unknown other than bias. Thus soon thereafter, Althea Gibson entered the Forest Hills, New York, national grass court title, the principal African-American player of either sex to be permitted to enter. Gibson Takes on Wimbledon Gibson at that point turned into the main African-American welcomed to enter the all-England competition at Wimbledon, playing there in 1951. She entered other tournamentsâ though from the outset winning just minor titles outside the ATA. In 1956, she won the French Open. Around the same time, she visited worldwide as an individual from a national tennis crew upheld by the U.S. State Department. She started winning more competitions, including at the Wimbledon womens copies. In 1957, she won the womens singles and copies at Wimbledon. In festivity of this American win and her accomplishment as an African American New York City welcomed her with a red carpet reception. Gibson caught up with a success at Forest Hills in the womens singles competition. Turning Pro In 1958, she again won both Wimbledon titles and rehashed the Forest Hills womens singles win. Her self-portrayal, I Always Wanted to Be Somebody, turned out in 1958. In 1959 she turned expert, winning the womens proficient singles title in 1960. She likewise started playing proficient womens golf and she showed up in a few movies. Althea Gibson served from 1973 on in different national and New Jersey positions in tennis and diversion. Among her distinctions: 1971 - National Lawn Tennis Hall of Fame1971 - International Tennis Hall of Fame1974 - Black Athletes Hall of Fame1983 - South Carolina Hall of Fame1984 - Florida Sports Hall of Fame In the mid-1990s, Althea Gibson experienced genuine medical issues including a stroke, and furthermore battled monetarily however numerous endeavors at gathering pledges helped facilitate that trouble. She passed on Sunday, September 28, 2003, however not before she knew about the tennis triumphs of Serena and Venus Williams. A Lasting Legacy Other African American tennis players like Arthur Ashe and the Williams sisters followed Gibson, however not rapidly. Althea Gibsons accomplishment was extraordinary, as the principal African American of either sex to break the shading bar in national and global competition tennis when bias and bigotry were unquestionably progressively unavoidable in the public eye and sports.

Authority Vs Individuality Essay Example For Students

Authority Vs Individuality Essay Authority versus IndividualityAuthority is characterized as an individual or gathering of individuals who control the general public and settle on significant choices influencing the general public. Individual is an individual who has no specific effect on the general public and neither do his choices. The term Authority might be applied to a people who hold a type of impact or force on the general public, for example, The Police; Courts from neighborhood courts to preeminent courts and obviously the decision gathering of the legislature. The individual might be a solitary non military personnel. This paper will look into the manner in which the accompanying content sorts present the idea of Authority and the individual: Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury; Billy Budd, by Hermann Melville; Shawshank Redemption, by Hollywood Studios; And the sonnet Naming of parts by Henry Reed. It will talk about how imagery, language of highlights, topics, and content structure adds to the manner in which they present the possibility of Authority and Individual. It will likewise talk about the province of Authority in that specific content sort (for instance is the Authority right or wrong in its accepts and practices),Fahrenheit 451 is a book composed by Ray Bradbury, set in a modern culture, about a fire fighter named Guy Montag whose activity is to proceed to copy the books, which are prohibited, being the wellspring of all strife and despondency. The two fundamental subjects in this novel are Social change and the restricting of books to stop disparity and Individualism. One of the progressions the Authority is capable in this novel is Social change. Their fundamental reason for existing is to not leave the individual believe be. The Authority does this by giving people no opportunity to think, as commander Beatty puts it:Give them zippers rather than catches (pg 63)Clarisee additionally says in School, youngsters are given fun exercises, are impacted with pointless realities and data, and given no opportunity to pose inquiries. In the realm of Fahrenheit 451 the books are prohibited. Figures of Authority accept that books make imbalance by making an informed class: We should all be indistinguishable. Not every person brought into the world free and equivalent, as the constitution says, yet everybody made equivalent. Each man the picture of each other(pg 65)Books present perusers with clashing perspectives, in this manner causing confusion:We remain against the little tide of the individuals who need to make everybody discontent with clashing hypothesis and thought (pg 69)Lastly yet above all books permit individuals to think which prompts independence. This basically can't be permitted if any authority over individuals is to be kept up. Beam Bradbury utilizes standard account includes in his novel, one of the solid highlights utilized was playing with time that is changing an opportunity to communicate as the need should arise (for instance going from present to past to help what he is saying)Billy Budd is a play of a book composed by Hermann Melville; it is set in the 1798 in the wartimes on a British naval force transport Indomitable. The play is about catastrophe of a fine youthful attractive mariner named Willam Budd mistreated by a pernicious ace at arms on a British warship. It is about how ace at Arms erroneously blames Billy in front for commander, Billy can't shield himself verbally in view of discourse hindrance so he protects himself truly. Shockingly the blow murders ace at Arms. The Captain is then obliged to condemn him to death as a result of severe maritime order. Imagery is utilized in this play. Billy Budd is represented for blamelessness; Claggart speaks to wickedness; and Captain Vere represents decent Authority. Claggart additionally utilizes symbolism:The oceans misleading, kid: quiet above, and underneath, a universe of skimming beasts going after their colleagues. Killers, every one of them. .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159 , .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159 .postImageUrl , .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159 , .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159:hover , .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159:visited , .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159:active { border:0!important; } .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159:active , .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ud0eefc3 3ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ud0eefc33ee2ce4e490c79bbefb7ec159:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Majority of Ghanaians Essay Only the most keen teeth endure.( pg 19)Claggart utilizations illustrations like the one above to frighten or caution Billy off from himself yet lamentably Billy can't decipher the representations. Commander Vere is the a.. uthority of the boat, anyway he has predominant officials: By power of his Gracious Majesty George Rex and Alan Napier, Viscount Kelsey, First Sea Lord(pg 69)The above statement shows the preeminent position figures. Vere is a man who has faith in rules, guidelines, and methodology. As he would like to think, everything must be finished by guidance. Commander Vere consistently endeavors to do what he accepts to be directly as per the laws set by his boss officials. The activity of hanging Billy can not be accused on Captain Vere however be accused on the figures that made the Admiral Navy laws. Chief Vere not abhorrent instead:Then authoritys a fiendishness (Seymour)(pg 49)The above statement shows that Admiral laws aren't right and underhandedness. The language utilized is extremely fitting for its time implying this is the sort of English you would hope to bespoken by eighteenth century uneducated mariners a portion of the models are; He aint here; He dont trust; and You was impressedShawshank Redemption is a film about a guiltless man, Andy Danfresne who is charged for killing his significant other and her darling. In view of the novel by Stephen King , Shawshank Redemption is set in 1947 and recorded in 1994. The images in the film have been utilized to pass on messages. The banner at the highest point of the jail amusingly speaks to opportunity. The garments of gatekeepers (dark) speak to detestable. The activities of the watchman, for example, when they enter the jail in development proposes they are passing on that they are in finished control. The position of watchmen, standing upstanding, shoulders expansive, and wide speaks to pomposity. The non-verbal communication of the detainees, body bowed, bears in rump speaks to overcome. The language utilized in this film is all slang and brimming with curses. Anyway it is suitable in light of the fact that you would anticipate this sort of language in a jail and in 1947. The fundamental experts in this film are the gatekeepers. The major authortian figures are Warden and Mr Hadley, the Captain of watchman. It is extremely evident that the experts in this specific film aren't right in their convictions and are morally degenerate. The way they danger the detainees is no real way to danger people. An exemplary model is the point at which a fat detainee begins crying in the jail around evening time on his first night, at that point Mr Hadley slams him so severely that he winds up passing on. This demonstration is of unadulterated shrewdness and ruthlessness. Through Andy we discover that for a considerable length of time Warden is bringing in cash wrongfully. Naming of parts is a sonnet by Henry Reed about another enrolled officer sitting in the talk of how to work a firearm. The officer just rehashes what the speaker says yet in a manner inspires nature rather then weapons. The language of highlights incorporate; Similes models would incorporate Japonica/Glistens like coral(Stanza 1)and like the jolt,/and the breech, and the cooking-piece(Stanza 5); Metaphors case of analogies would incorporate the branches/hold in the nurseries their quiet, persuasive gestures,(Stanza2) and The blooms are delicate and motionless(Stanza 3); Alliteration models would include: you have not got(Stanza 2) and bumbling the flowers(stanza4); and Assonance a model would be : Today we have naming(Stanza 1)The artists fundamental message is that individuals ought not be compelled to enroll in the army.To finish up the entirety of the content structure types have advanced that Authority is insidious and wrong from multiple points of view. In Fahrenheit 451 it isn't right by forbidding the books. In the play Billy Budd the laws of power are malevolent and wrong they are made so blameless individuals like Billy could be executed. .u35a4d09692d6a1ac8c20b002f9125c1d , .u35a4d09692d6a1ac8c20b002f9125c1d .postImageUrl , .u35a4d09692d6a1ac8c20b002f9125c1d .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u35a4d09692d6a1ac8c20b002f9125c1d , .u35a4d09692d6a1ac8c20b002f9125c1d:hover ,

New Marketing Strategy for Pepsi Co. free essay sample

This is a 1 page paper that clarifies why the new Pepsi Co technique of making brand clothing will be compelling. In an ongoing Business Week article on September 20, 2001, Pepsi Co Inc. made a line of youthful mens and womens attire, footwear, and embellishments that would serve not as an unrefined brand board but instead mirror the ways of life of Pepsi and Mountain Dew consumers. For what reason would Pepsi put resources into such an endeavor despite the fact that the Pepsi symbol probably won't be noticeable on these items? Do you think this promoting system is a pattern or a successful long haul methodology? PepsiCo Inc. is most popular for its soda pop Pepsi and Mountain dew but then, throughout the years it has additionally made logo things, for example, T-shirts, caps and duffel sacks with the Pepsi globe structure. These are a piece of its showcasing methodology to advance the beverages in the brains of the individuals making the beverage a piece of an amazing life. We will compose a custom exposition test on New Marketing Strategy for Pepsi Co. or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In any case, that kind of showcasing has its restrictions. These things can be taken to the sea shore however they are not a brand. In todays way of life a brand name is what is expected to succeed. It is the brand name that catches the eye of the customer and holds their devotion as value, quality and so forth become related with the name in like manner. So the logo adornments that were advanced by Pepsi may have been utilized however they didn't make a familiarity with Pepsi in any market other than that of soda pops.

25 Bad Words That Make Other People Feel InferiorÂ

25 Bad Words That Make Other People Feel Inferior   Words are very powerful. They have the power to make or break people. A few words of motivation can uplift a person and encourage them to keep  going  in spite of the circumstances.Negative words, on the other hand, can belittle someone, make them feel inferior and confine them to a life of mediocrity.While many of us know how powerful words can be, it is still surprising that majority of us are more inclined  to  use negative words than positive words.Have you ever noticed that, when you tell people about something you want to embark on â€" such as  starting a business, working on a new project, applying for a great job, and so on â€" majority of them will be quick to tell you why it won’t work or why you will not succeed, and only a few will encourage you.This inclination to use negative words  is something deeply entrenched in society.In a bid to determine the use of negative language, associate professor of linguistics Robert  Schrauf  and psychology graduate student Julia Sanc hez  conducted a survey in Mexico City and Chicago, involving two sets of participants, one in their 20s and the other in their 60s.The participants were asked to come up with as many emotion-describing words in two minutes.The survey found that half of the words the participants came up with were negative. Only 30% were positive, while 20% were neutral.Another group of researchers found that in every language, there are more words to describe negative experiences and emotions than positive ones.Therefore, it is no surprise that most of us are quick to throw out negative comments to our friends and colleagues. Most of the times, we do not even do this with the aim of hurting others. We do it with good intentions, hoping to help them change their behavior.Regardless of our intentions, these words end up making the other person feeling belittled and inferior.To make matters worse, the damage done by these words cannot be easily undone, even if you follow them with positive words. Peop le tend to focus more on negative words than positive words.According to a  research by Edward  Royzman  from the University of Pennsylvania and Harvard graduate professor of psychology Paul  Rozin, the negative perspective has a greater influence on people than the positive perspective.This view is supported by another  study by researchers from the University  of  Chicago Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, who also found out that negative news influence our attitudes more heavily compared to good news.To avoid unintentionally belittling others, you should make a conscious effort to expunge negative words from your vocabulary.In this post, we have come up with a list of 25 bad words you should avoid in order to make those around you feel inferior.1. DUMBHas someone ever referred to you as dumb? How did it make you feel?Most likely, it made you feel like a lesser person and probably affected your  self-confidence  and  self-esteem  temporarily.Calling someone dumb means t hat someone is of below-average intelligence, that their thinking or decision-making is outside the expectations of normal behavior. But the truth is that no one is dumb.Someone might not be very good in one area, but there are other areas where they are better than you. Does that make you dumb? Not really. So, why refer to someone as dumb because they did not behave as you expected?Very often, this word is said with the aim of encouraging someone to be more sensible or more logical in their thinking, but instead of motivating them, it only discourages them and makes them feel like they cannot do anything well.2. CAN’THow many times have you heard someone talking about something they want to do, only for another person to chip in and tell them that they can’t do it? Telling someone that they can’t do something is the greatest form of discouragement.The person might end up believing you, especially if you are someone whose opinions they trust, which will in turn prevent them fr om giving their all and achieving what they wanted. It becomes a self-fulfilling prophesy.What makes this word even worse is that you are in no position to judge a person’s ability to do something.By telling them that they can’t, you are sharing your opinion, rather than something factual.In other words, you are simply discouraging them, since you don’t know for sure that they cannot do it. Because of this, you should avoid using the word can’t.3. WEIRDReferring to someone as weird is a way of saying that you are normal while they are not. It is another way of saying that there is something wrong with them.If you are someone whose opinion this person values and respects, referring to them as weird will make them feel inferior and inadequate, like they are not worthy hanging out with you or doing something.This will make the person doubt themselves and might lead to the person avoiding interaction with other people, since they believe that other people also think there is som ething wrong with them.To avoid making others feel this way, you should try as much as possible to avoid using the word weird.4. HATE  This is a very strong word. When you tell someone that you hate them or something about them, it means that you have a very intense dislike for them.In other words, if you had an option, you would totally avoid them. You might not mean that, but that is the message that  the person will infer from your words.This means that whenever you have to interact with this person, there will be some tension in the interaction.The interaction will feel forced since this person knows you are there only because you have no other option.Ultimately, the relationship between the two of you might break down irreparably. Therefore, try as much as possible to remove this word from your vocabulary.5. FOOLWhen you refer to someone as a fool, it means that you think that they are incapable of acting wisely. When someone is referred to as a fool severally, they start belie ving it and lose the motivation to try and perform better. Why try when they believe they cannot?For instance, if a student fails in math one time and the teacher or parent calls them a fool for it, they believe that they are not good at math and stop trying to improve. In their mind, nothing they can do will help them improve, so they just stop trying.Ultimately, continuously referring to someone as a fool can even lead to lack of  self-belief  and even depression.6. FAILUREOne of the most discouraging things you can say to someone is to call them a failure. This word has a very negative connotation.When you refer to someone as a failure, you are essentially saying that they are not capable of winning.As the person hears this more and more, they might actually start believing that they cannot do anything successfully.Instead of giving it their all, they do things half-heartedly because they believe there is something wrong with them that keeps them from achieving success.Instead of referring to someone as a failure even when something they were working on didn’t work, you should encourage them to examine why it did not work, see what they can learn from the experience and then try again.7. BADPeople typically use this word to describe another person’s words, thoughts or actions, when the person considers these actions, thoughts and words to be negative.The problem with describing someone’s thoughts, actions or words as bad is that the term is demeaning. It leaves the other person feeling unhappy and has a negative effect on their self-confidence.In addition, telling someone that something about them is bad does not really help them to improve it.Instead of using this word, you should explain why you think something they did or said is inappropriate and advice on how they can improve.8. LAZYThere is nothing I hate more than being told I am lazy, because I know am not.Telling someone they are lazy implies that the person is unwilling to put in effort towa rds achieving something,  or  that they have no motivation to work towards a certain goal. In most cases, this is rarely the case.For instance, you might assign some work to your colleague, only to come later and find that they are yet to get it done.In your mind, you conclude that they are lazy, without taking the time to find out why they did not get the work done in the first place. Perhaps they did not do it because their boss assigned them some other work.Therefore, it will definitely hurt when you make your own conclusions and call them lazy. Unless you are really sure that a person has an aversion for work, you should avoid calling them lazy.9. INCOMPETENTThis is a very common word at the workplace, mostly used by condescending bosses who want to intimidate their staff. The problem is, intimidation is not the best way of motivating people to work hard or give their all. When at work, it is inevitable that people will fail to meet your expectations at some point.By calling the m incompetent, you are implying that they do not have the skills to get their work done, yet you have relied on them on several occasions before. By calling them incompetent, you are not only lying, but also belittling them and making them feel demoralized.If someone at work did not do something as they were supposed to, you should tell them that they aren’t meeting your expectations and that they need to try harder, rather than implying they are incapable of doing their job.10. IRRESPONSIBLEBy referring to someone as irresponsible, it means that they act without thinking about the possible outcomes of their actions.When you tell someone that they are irresponsible, you probably do so because you want them to put more thought into their actions.However, calling someone irresponsible does not help them in any way. It only works to shame and intimidate them, and if they end up believing you, they will avoid being proactive and taking up leadership roles in a bid not to display their perceived irresponsibility.11. NOThe word no has a huge impact on our brains.Research  shows that our brains respond differently when we hear the word no. The word evokes a negative signal in our brain’s right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and often leads to a person feeling upset about whatever situation they are in.The problem with this word is that it is impossible to oblige people’s requests in every situation.However, instead of hitting them with a blunt no, you should go the extra mile and explain why you cannot oblige their request at that particular moment.12. ASHAMEDBeing told that someone is ashamed of you (especially someone you regard highly in your life) can be very disheartening.When you tell someone that you are ashamed of them, what you are saying is that you expected them to meet a certain threshold but you have discovered they are incapable of doing it.This makes the person feel that they are inadequate, which in turn negatively affects their self-esteem.There fore, even if you feel that someone did not live up to some level you expected of them, you should try and convey your disappointment using less hurtful words.13. DISAPPOINTEDSaying you are disappointed in someone is another strong word that can make a person feel greatly inferior.Similar to ashamed, it means that someone has failed to live up to what you expected of them.  The more the person holds your opinion in high regard, the more inferior they will feel when you say you are disappointed in them.If someone does something that leaves you disappointed, don’t say you are disappointed in them. Instead, explain what they did that you did not approve of, while showing that you still have respect for them as a person.14. IN THE WAYIf you are doing something and you feel like someone is hindering you from getting it done in the best way possible, you might be tempted to tell them that they are getting in the way of what you are trying to do.While this phrase feels innocent enough, i t implies that the person is adding no value to you at the moment,  or  that they are useless and insignificant.Instead of telling someone that they are getting in the way of something, explain to them that you have something you need to get done and that you need some time undisturbed to focus on it.15. DON’T  Don’t do this! Don’t do that! People spend a lot of time telling others what they should not do.Unfortunately, telling people what they should not do is essentially placing limits on them, especially when you are in a position of power compared to them.Eventually, these people might stop trying new things because they know you will stop them.Therefore, instead of regularly telling people not to do this or that, you should  spend more time encouraging them to do something more productive.For instance, if someone in your team wants to make some tweaks in your marketing campaign and you think they are not the best person for it, most people will tell them not to do it.Howe ver, the fact that they are proactive and want to do  something is a good thing. Instead of telling them not to do it, you should assign them something else they can do more effectively.16. SHYWhen you refer to someone as shy, especially at the workplace, it means that you think they are too timid for their own good.Sure, the person might be a little nervous in front of people, but if you regularly refer to them as shy, this will only reinforce the belief that they are not very comfortable in front of people, leading to a downward spiral that can even result in conditions like  anxiety.17. WRONGSometimes, you cannot avoid using this word.Someone might actually be doing something wrong and there might be no other way of telling them that what they are doing is wrong.However, many people use the word in a very condescending manner, especially at the workplace.For instance, a junior staffer might give their opinion about something, only for their boss to shout them down with “you are wrong.”Doing this belittles the other person’s contributions and makes them feel like they are a less-intelligent person.Instead of shooting someone down with “you are wrong,” listen to what the other person has to say, and if you don’t concur with them, explain your reasoning to them without making them feel like a lesser being.18. INFERIORWe are talking about words that make people inferior, therefore it was inevitable that the word inferior itself would show up.When you tell someone that they are inferior, you are making it clear that you or someone else is better than them.You are belittling them without the slightest attempt at hiding it. Unless you want to deliberately hurt a person, there is no need for you to refer to someone as inferior.19. BORINGWhen you tell someone that he or she is boring, you are essentially saying that there is nothing interesting about them.This can easily make a person feel inferior and insignificant. The truth is that everyone has totall y interesting about them.If you think there is nothing interesting about a person, that’s probably because you don’t know them well enough.20. MADSometimes, people will do things that anger you, and you might be tempted to tell them how mad they have made you.However, very often, feelings of anger are a result of unmet expectations. When you find yourself angry at someone, ask yourself what you expected them to do that they have not done.For instance, if you were supposed to go out on a date with your spouse but they arrive an hour later, you will most likely be angry.In this case, your anger stems from the fact that your spouse did not keep time, which you expected them to. Instead of yelling at them and telling them how mad they have made you,  tell that you are not happy that they kept you waiting for one hour.21. UGLYThis is just a word you should not use. How we look is something natural, and there is not much someone can do about how they look.When you tell someone that th ey are ugly, you are making them feel inferior for something that is not within their control.Just don’t refer to someone as ugly.22. NEVERThis term is an absolute and should be avoided because it is very often used inaccurately.For instance, if someone has not done something as they were supposed to, you might be tempted to tell them that they never get anything right. However, this is inaccurate.They do get a lot of things right.In addition, telling something that they never get something right insinuates that there is nothing they can do to get things right. This can hurt someone and make them feel like they are worthless.23. GRUMPYWhen someone is feeling sulky and ill-tempered, it is usually because they are going through a  bad  experience.When you refer to him or her as grumpy, it shows that you don’t really care about what they are going through. You are essentially  saying that what they are going through is meaningless.24. RIDICULOUSWhen you tell someone that something about them is ridiculous, you are implying that their opinion/ideas are laughable.Who wouldn’t feel inferior if people laughed at your ideas or suggestions?25. USELESSCan someone really be useless? Even a doormat is useful because it helps people clean their shoes as they get into a building.By telling someone that they are useless, you are implying that they are even worse than a doormat, that they add no value on earth.Everyone has something good about them, so you should avoid referring to anyone as useless.WRAPPING UPYou are now aware of the negative effects of these 25 words and the damage they can cause to other people.Take note of these words and try as much as possible to avoid using them in reference to other people.By doing so, not only will you improve your relationships with other people, but you will also  become a better person.

Write Superior Common Application Supplemental Essays

The best way to impress the college admissions board is to write impressive supplemental essays. What should your supplementals accomplish? What should you write about? How should you get started? View this short video to learn how to write superior supplemental essays that will get you ACCEPTED: ï » ¿ Video Transcript You’ve written your Common App essay and here come the supplemental essays. What do they want now? You need to write supplementals for almost every school you are applying to and you’re really not sure how to go about it or what to say. You DO know that the competition for every seat at your target schools is intense. You also have your regular homework and extracurriculars, in addition to tons of these supplementals to write. You may just be feeling a little overwhelmed and nervous because you certainly don’t want to let those supplemental essays prevent you from attending the dream schools that you’re working so hard to get into. Applying to college is exciting. Youre about to leave home. And its also stressful, time-consuming, and nerve-wracking. And of course there is the fear of getting rejected We know how tough it can be. Our college admissions consultants have worked in admissions at elite colleges and universities and advised successful applicants to elite colleges like Harvard, Stanford, Princeton, Penn, Yale, Columbia, CalTech, MIT, and many, many others. Following our advice led one clients father to write us in December: We were lucky to get Marie to help us! Christmas came early for us this year and Stanfords acceptance is the best gift we ever received! :) Let me give you the same kind of advice that the happy Stanford student received to help you write superior supplementals. Goals of a Supplemental Essay Here are the 3 overriding goals for your supplemental essays: Complement your personal statement. Answer the question you are responding to. Show fit with the particular program you are targeting with this essay. Showing Fit in Your Supplemental Essays The last of my 3 points is probably the most difficult so I’m going to focus on that one. How do you show fit? There are 2 key elements to showing fit: Understand the school. a. Look at school’s mission statement, About section, and if stated, the school’s criteria. b. Talk to current students and recent alumni. c. If you can, visit the school. Examine your life for experiences and stories that reveal the qualities this school values and will allow you to answer the question effectively. a. Those are the experiences (as long as they weren’t already used in the PS) that will allow you to tell your story and show fit. Choose 1-2 experiences depending on the question and allowed length for your essay. b. Provide a succinct analysis of the anecdote reflecting how the example answers the question. For in-depth and school specific advice, here’s what I’d like you to do: Go to accepted.com/ivy. Download our guide to the Common App essays, supplemental essays for the Ivy Leagues, plus bonus advice for the supplemental essays at schools like NYU and U of Michigan. Write superior supplemental essays that show you belong at your target programs. Taking these 3 steps will help you go from stressed and anxious to confident that you are submitting engaging, compelling supplemental essays that show fit and lead to acceptance at your dream schools. Do you need help writing Common Application or secondary college application essays? Work one-on-one with a college admissions expert to create superior essays that show you as your very best. Wow those adcom readers and get accepted to top schools when you take advantage of Accepted’s College Application Personal Statement Services. hbspt.cta.load(58291, 'd81c5687-dd01-4648-93b4-33d2ae163735', {}); Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to top colleges and universities for 25 years. Our team of admissions consultants features former admissions committee members and highly experienced college admissions consultants who have guided our clients to admission at top programs including Princeton, Harvard, Stanford, Columbia, MIT, University of Chicago, and Yale. Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ From Example to Exemplary, your free guide to writing outstanding application essays †¢ Common App Supplemental Essay Tips †¢ 3 Tips for Highlighting Your Strengths in Your Application Essays

A Short History of the Soviet and Russian Space Program

The modern age of space exploration exists largely because of the actions of two countries who competed to get the first people on the Moon: the United States and the former Soviet Union. Today, space exploration efforts include more than 70 countries with research institutes and space agencies. However, only a few of them have launch capability, the three largest being NASA in the United States, Roscosmos in the Russian Federation, and the European Space Agency. Most people know of the U.S.s space history, but the Russian efforts occurred largely in secrecy for many years, even when their launches were public. Only in recent decades has the full story of the countrys space exploration been revealed through detailed books and talks by former cosmonauts.   The Age of Soviet Exploration Begins The history of Russias space efforts starts with World War II. At the end of that huge conflict, German rockets and rocket parts were captured by both the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Both countries had dabbled in rocket science before that.  Robert Goddard in the U.S. had launched that countrys first rockets. In the Soviet Union, engineer Sergei Korolev had experimented with rockets, too. However, the chance to study and improve upon Germanys designs was attractive to both countries and they entered into the Cold War of the 1950s each striving to outdo the other into space. Not only did the U.S. bring over rockets and rocket parts from Germany, but they also transported a number of German rocket scientists to help with the fledgling National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and its programs. The Soviets  captured rockets and German scientists, too, and eventually began experimenting with animal launches in the early 1950s, although none reached space. Yet, these were the first steps in the space race and set both countries on a headlong rush off Earth. The Soviets won the first round of that race when they put Sputnik 1 into orbit on October 4, 1957. It was a huge win for Soviet pride and propaganda and a major kick in the pants for the fledgling U.S. space effort. The Soviets followed up with the launch of the first man into space, Yuri Gagarin, in 1961. Then, they sent the first woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova, 1963) and did the first spacewalk, performed by Alexei Leonov in 1965. It looked very much like the Soviets might score the first man to the Moon, too. However, problems piled up and pushed back their lunar missions due to technical problems. Disaster in Soviet Space Disaster struck the Soviet program and gave them their first big setback. It happened in 1967 when cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov  was killed when the parachute that was supposed to settle his Soyuz 1 capsule gently on the ground failed to open. It was the first in-flight death of a man in space in history and a great embarrassment to the program. Problems continued to mount with the Soviet N1 rocket, which also set back planned lunar missions. Eventually, the U.S. beat the Soviet Union to the Moon, and the country turned its attention to sending unmanned probes to the Moon and Venus. After the Space Race In addition to its planetary probes, the Soviets got very interested in orbiting space stations, particularly after the U.S. announced (and then later canceled) its Manned Orbiting Laboratory. When the U.S. announced Skylab, the Soviets eventually built and launched the Salyut station. In 1971, a crew went to Salyut and spent two weeks working aboard the station. Unfortunately, they died during the return flight due to a pressure leak in their Soyuz 11 capsule. Eventually, the Soviets solved their Soyuz issues and the Salyut years led to a joint cooperation project with NASA on the Apollo Soyuz project. Later on, the two countries cooperated on a series of Shuttle-Mir dockings, and the building of the International Space Station (and partnerships with Japan and the European Space Agency). The Mir Years The most successful space station built by the Soviet Union flew from 1986 through 2001. It was called Mir and assembled on orbit (much as the later ISS was). It hosted a number of crew members from the Soviet Union and other countries in a show of space cooperation. The idea was to keep a long-term research outpost in low-Earth orbit, and it survived many years until its funding was cut. Mir is the only space station that was built by one countrys regime and then run by the successor to that regime. It happened when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991 and formed the Russian Federation. Regime Change The Soviet space program faced interesting times as Union began to crumble in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Instead of the Soviet space agency, Mir and its Soviet cosmonauts (who became Russian citizens when the country changed) came under the aegis of Roscosmos, the newly formed Russian space agency. Many of the design bureaus that had dominated space and aerospace design were either shut down or reconstituted as private corporations. The Russian economy went through major crises, which affected the space program. Eventually, things stabilized and the country moved ahead with plans to participate in the International Space Station, plus resume launches of weather and communications satellites. Today, Roscosmos has weathered changes in the Russian space industrial sector and is moving ahead with new rocket designs and spacecraft. It remains part of the ISS consortium and has announced Instead of the Soviet space agency, Mir and its Soviet cosmonauts (who became Russian citizens when the country changed) came under the aegis of Roscosmos, the newly formed Russian Space Agency. It has announced interest in future lunar missions and is working on new rocket designs and satellite updates. Eventually, the Russians would like to go to Mars, as well, and continue solar system exploration.